{"id":1600,"date":"2021-09-22T09:08:13","date_gmt":"2021-09-22T03:38:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.webhostingchennai.co.in\/blog\/?p=1600"},"modified":"2021-10-06T13:02:47","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T07:32:47","slug":"important-linux-commands-with-examples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/","title":{"rendered":"Important Linux Commands with Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tocContainer\">\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#Important_Linux_Commands_with_Examples\" >Important Linux Commands with Examples<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#adduseraddgroup_Command\" >adduser\/addgroup Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#agetty_Command\" >agetty Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#alias_Command\" >alias Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#anacron_Command\" >anacron Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#apropos_Command\" >apropos Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#apt_Command\" >apt Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#apt-get_Command\" >apt-get Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#aptitude_Command\" >aptitude Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#arch_Command\" >arch Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#arp_Command\" >arp Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#at_Command\" >at Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#atq_Command\" >atq Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#atrm_Command\" >atrm Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#awk_Command\" >awk Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#batch_Command\" >batch Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#basename_Command\" >basename Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#bc_Command\" >bc Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#bg_Command\" >bg Command<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#bzip2_Command\" >bzip2 Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#cal_Command\" >cal Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#cat_Command\" >cat Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#chgrp_Command\" >chgrp Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#chmod_Command\" >chmod Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#chown_Command\" >chown Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#cksum_Command\" >cksum Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#clear_Command\" >clear Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#cmp_Command\" >cmp Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#comm_Command\" >comm Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#cp_Command\" >cp Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#date_Command\" >date Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#dd_Command\" >dd Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#df_Command\" >df Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#diff_Command\" >diff Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#dir_Command\" >dir Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#dmidecode_Command\" >dmidecode Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#du_Command\" >du Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#echo_Command\" >echo Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#eject_Command\" >eject Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#env_Command\" >env Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#exit_Command\" >exit Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#expr_Command\" >expr Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#factor_Command\" >factor Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#find_Command\" >find Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#free_Command\" >free Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#grep_Command\" >grep Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#groups_Command\" >groups Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#gzip_Command\" >gzip Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#gunzip_Command\" >gunzip Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#head_Command\" >head Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#history_Command\" >history Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#hostname_Command\" >hostname Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#hostnamectl_Command\" >hostnamectl Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#hwclock\" >hwclock<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#hwinfo_Command\" >hwinfo Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#id_Command\" >id Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#ifconfig_Command\" >ifconfig Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#ionice_Command\" >ionice Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#iostat_Command\" >iostat Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#ip_Command\" >ip Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#iptables_Command\" >iptables Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#iw_Command\" >iw Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#iwlist_Command\" >iwlist Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#kill_Command\" >kill Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#killall_Command\" >killall Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#kmod_Command\" >kmod Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#last_Command\" >last Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#ln_Command\" >ln Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#locate_Command\" >locate Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#login_Command\" >login Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#ls_Command\" >ls Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#lshw_Command\" >lshw Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#lscpu_Command\" >lscpu Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#lsof_Command\" >lsof Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#lsusb_Command\" >lsusb Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#man_Command\" >man Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#md5sum_Command\" >md5sum Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#mkdir_Command\" >mkdir Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#more_Command\" >more Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#mv_Command\" >mv Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#nano_Command\" >nano Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#ncnetcat_Command\" >nc\/netcat Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#netstat_Command\" >netstat Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#nice_Command\" >nice Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#nmap_Command\" >nmap Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#nproc_Command\" >nproc Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#openssl_Command\" >openssl Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#passwd_Command\" >passwd Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#pidof_Command\" >pidof Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#ping_Command\" >ping Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#ps_Command\" >ps Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#pstree_Command\" >pstree Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#pwd_Command\" >pwd Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#rdiff-backup_Command\" >rdiff-backup Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#reboot_Command\" >reboot Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#rename_Command\" >rename Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#rm_command\" >rm command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#rmdir_Command\" >rmdir Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#scp_Command\" >scp Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#shutdown_Command\" >shutdown Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#sleep_Command\" >sleep Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#sort_Command\" >sort Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#split_Command\" >split Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#ssh_Command\" >ssh Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#stat_Command\" >stat Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#su_Command\" >su Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#sudo_Command\" >sudo Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#sum_Command\" >sum Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#tac_Command\" >tac Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#tail_Command\" >tail Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#talk_Command\" >talk Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#tar_Command\" >tar Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#tee_Command\" >tee Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#tree_Command\" >tree Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#time_Command\" >time Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#top_Command\" >top Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#touch_Command\" >touch Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-118\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#tr_Command\" >tr Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-119\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#uname_Command\" >uname Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-120\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#uniq_Command\" >uniq Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-121\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#uptime_Command\" >uptime Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-122\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#users_Command\" >users Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-123\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#vimvi_Command\" >vim\/vi Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-124\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#w_Command\" >w Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-125\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#wall_Command\" >wall Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-126\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#watch_Command\" >watch Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-127\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#wc_Command\" >wc Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-128\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#wget_Command\" >wget Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-129\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#whatis_Command\" >whatis Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-130\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#which_Command\" >which Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-131\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#who_Command\" >who Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-132\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#whereis_Command\" >whereis Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-133\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#xargs_Command\" >xargs Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-134\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#yes_Command\" >yes Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-135\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#youtube-dl_Command\" >youtube-dl Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-136\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#zcmpzdiff_Command\" >zcmp\/zdiff Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-137\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#zip_Command\" >zip Command<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-138\" href=\"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/important-linux-commands-with-examples\/#zz_Command\" >zz Command<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_Linux_Commands_with_Examples\"><\/span>Important Linux Commands with Examples<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In this post, Let us see the some important linux commands with examples in alphabetical order.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#agetty\">agetty<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#adduser\/addgroup\">adduser\/addgroup<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#alias\">alias<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#anacron\">anacron<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#apropos\">apropos<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#apt\">apt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#apt-get\">apt-get<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#aptitude\">aptitude<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#arch\">arch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#arp\">arp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#at\">at<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#atq\">atq<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#atrm\">atrm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#awk\">awk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#batch\">batch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#basename\">basename<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#bc\">bc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#bg\">bg<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#bzip\">bzip<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cal\">cal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cat\">cat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#chgrp\">chgrp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#chmod\">chmod<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#chown\">chown<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cksum\">cksum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#clear\">clear<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cmp\">cmp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#comm\">chown<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#cp\">cp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#date\">date<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dd\">dd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#df\">df<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#diff\">diff<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dir\">dir<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#dmidecode\">dmidecode<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#du\">du<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#echo\">echo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#eject\">eject<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#env\">env<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#exit\">exit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#expr\">expr<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#factor\">factor<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#find\">find<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#free\">free<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#grep\">grep<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#groups\">groups<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gzip\">gzip<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#gunzip\">gunzip<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#head\">head<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#history\">history<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#hostname\">hostname<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#hostnamectl\">hostnamectl<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#hwclock\">hwclock<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#hwinfo\">hwinfo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#id\">id<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ifconfig\">ifconfig<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ionice\">ionice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iostat\">iostat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ip\">ip<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iptables\">iptables<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iw\">iw<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#iwlist\">iwlist<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kill\">kill<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#killall\">killall<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#kmod\">kmod<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#last\">last<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ln\">ln<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#locate\">locate<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#login\">login<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ls\">ls<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#lshw\">lshw<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#lscpu\">lscpu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#lsof\">lsof<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#lsusb\">lsusb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#man\">man<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mdsum\">mdsum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mkdir\">mkdir<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#more\">more<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#mv\">mv<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#nano\">nano<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#nc\/netcat\">nc\/netcat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#netstat\">netstat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#nice\">nice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#nmap\">nmap<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#nproc\">nproc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#openssl\">openssl<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#passwd\">passwd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#pidof\">pidof<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ping\">ping<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ps\">ps<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#pstree\">pstree<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#pwd\">pwd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#rdiff-backup\">rdiff-backup<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#reboot\">reboot<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#rename\">rename<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#rm\">rm<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#rmdir\">rmdir<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#scp\">scp<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#shutdown\">shutdown<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sleep\">sleep<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sort\">sort<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#split\">split<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#ssh\">ssh<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#stat\">stat<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#su\">su<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sudo\">sudo<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#sum\">sum<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tac\">tac<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tail\">tail<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#talk\">talk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tar\">tar<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tee\">tee<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tree\">tree<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#time\">time<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#top\">top<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#touch\">touch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tr\">tr<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#uname\">uname<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#uniq\">uniq<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#uptime\">uptime<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#users\">users<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#vim\/vi\">vim\/vi<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#w\">w<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#wall\">wall<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#watch\">watch<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#wc\">wc<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#wget\">wget<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#whatis\">whatis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#which\">which<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#who\">who<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#whereis\">whereis<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#xargs\">xargs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#yes\">yes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#youtube-dl\">youtube-dl<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#zcmp\/zdiff\">zcmp\/zdiff<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#zip\">zip<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#zz\">zz<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>In this article, we will introduce you a list of most frequently used Linux commands with their examples for easy learning. You can find the actual description of each Linux command in their manual page which you can access like this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ man command-name<\/pre>\n<p>There are number of commands in Linux. We are bound to use a number of them on a daily routine or numerous times to perform common tasks than others. It is important to note that certain commands are \u201cdistro-based\u201d \u2013 they can only be found in specific distros. While others are generic Unix\/Linux commands that you\u2019ll find in all if not most mainstream distros.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"adduseraddgroup_Command\"><\/span>adduser\/addgroup Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The <strong>adduser<\/strong> and <strong>addgroup<\/strong> commands are used to add a user and group to the system respectively according to the default configuration specified in <strong>\/etc\/adduser.conf<\/strong> file.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo adduser webhostch<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"agetty_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"agetty\"><\/a>agetty Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>agetty<\/strong> is a program which manages physical or virtual terminals and is invoked by <strong>init<\/strong>. Once it detects a connection, it opens a tty port, asks for a user\u2019s login name and calls up the <strong>\/bin\/login<\/strong> command. <strong>Agetty<\/strong> is a substitute of Linux <strong>getty<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ agetty -L 9600 ttyS1 vt100<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"alias_Command\"><\/span>alias Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>alias<\/strong> is a useful shell built-in command for creating aliases (shortcut) to a Linux command on a system. It is helpful for creating new\/custom commands from existing Shell\/Linux commands (including options):<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ alias home=&#039;cd \/home\/webhostch\/public_html&#039;<\/pre>\n<p>The above command will create an alias called <strong>home<\/strong> for <strong>\/home\/webhostch\/public_html<\/strong> directory, so whenever you type <strong>home<\/strong> in the terminal prompt, it will put you in the <strong>\/home\/webhostch\/public_html<\/strong> directory.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"anacron_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"anacron\"><\/a>anacron Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>anacron is a Linux facility used to run commands periodically with a frequency defined in days, weeks and months.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike its sister cron; it assumes that a system will not run continuously, therefore if a scheduled job is due when the system is off, it\u2019s run once the machine is powered on.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"apropos_Command\"><\/span>apropos Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>apropos<\/strong> command is used to search and display a short page description of a command\/program as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ apropos adduser<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"apt_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"apt\"><\/a>apt Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>apt tool is a relatively new higher-level package manager for Debian\/Ubuntu systems:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo apt update<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"apt-get_Command\"><\/span>apt-get Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>apt-get is a powerful and free front-end package manager for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.squarebrothers.com\/dedicated-server-in-india\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Debian\/Ubuntu systems<\/a>. It is used to install new software packages, remove available software packages, upgrade existing software packages as well as upgrade entire operating system.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo apt-get update<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"aptitude_Command\"><\/span>aptitude Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>aptitude<\/strong> is a powerful text-based interface to the Debian GNU\/Linux package management system. Like <strong>apt-get<\/strong> and <strong>apt<\/strong>; it can be used to install, remove or upgrade software packages on a system.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo aptitude update<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"arch_Command\"><\/span>arch Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>arch<\/strong> is a simple command for displaying machine architecture or hardware name which is similar to <strong>uname -m<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ arch<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"arp_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"arp\"><\/a>arp Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>ARP<\/strong> (<strong>Address Resolution Protocol<\/strong>) is a protocol that maps IP network addresses of a network neighbor with the hardware (MAC) addresses in an IPv4 network.<\/p>\n<p>You can use it as below to find all alive hosts on a network:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo arp-scan --interface=enp2s0 --localnet<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"at_Command\"><\/span>at Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>at command is used to schedule tasks to run in a future time. It\u2019s an alternative to <strong>cron<\/strong> and <strong>anacron<\/strong>, however, it runs a task once at a given future time without editing any config files:<\/p>\n<p>For example, to shutdown the system at 23:55 today, run:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo echo &quot;shutdown -h now&quot; | at -m 23:55<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"atq_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"atq\"><\/a>atq Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>atq<\/strong> command is used to view jobs in <strong>at command<\/strong> queue:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ atq<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"atrm_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"atrm\"><\/a>atrm Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>atrm<\/strong> command is used to remove\/deletes jobs (identified by their job number) from at command queue:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ atrm 2<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"awk_Command\"><\/span>awk Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Awk is a powerful programming language created for text processing and generally used as a data extraction and reporting tool.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ awk &#039;\/\/{print}&#039;\/etc\/hosts<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"batch_Command\"><\/span>batch Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>batch<\/strong> is also used to schedule tasks to run a future time, similar to the at command.<\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"basename_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"basename\"><\/a>basename Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>basename<\/strong> command helps to print the name of a file stripping of directories in the absolute path:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ basename bin\/findhosts.sh<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"bc_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"bc\"><\/a>bc Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>bc<\/strong> is a simple yet powerful and arbitrary precision CLI calculator language which can be used like this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ echo 20.05 + 15.00 | bc<\/pre>\n<h4 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"bg_Command\"><\/span>bg Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>bg<\/strong> is a command used to send a process to the background.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ tar -czf home.tar.gz .\r\n$ bg \r\n$ jobs<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"bzip2_Command\"><\/span>bzip2 Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">bzip2 command is used to compress or decompress file(s).<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ bzip2 -z filename      #Compress\r\n$ bzip2 -d filename.bz2  #Decompress<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cal_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"cal\"><\/a>cal Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">The <strong>cal<\/strong> command print a calendar on the standard output.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ cal<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cat_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"cat\"><\/a>cat Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">cat command is used to view contents of a file or concatenate files, or data provided on standard input, and display it on the standard output.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ cat file.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chgrp_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"chgrp\"><\/a>chgrp Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>chgrp<\/strong> command is used to change the group ownership of a file. Provide the new group name as its first argument and the name of file as the second argument like this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ chgrp webhostc users.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chmod_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"chmod\"><\/a>chmod Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>chmod<\/strong> command is used to change\/update file access permissions like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ chmod +x sysinfo.sh<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"chown_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"chown\"><\/a>chown Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>chown<\/strong> command changes\/updates the user and group ownership of a file\/directory like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ chmod -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cksum_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"cksum\"><\/a>cksum Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>cksum<\/strong> command is used to display the CRC checksum and byte count of an input file.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ cksum README.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"clear_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"clear\"><\/a>clear Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>clear<\/strong> command lets you clear the terminal screen, simply type.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ clear<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cmp_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"cmp\"><\/a>cmp Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>cmp<\/strong> performs a byte-by-byte comparison of two files like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ cmp file1 file2<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"comm_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"comm\"><\/a>comm Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>comm<\/strong> command is used to compare two sorted files line-by-line as shown below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ comm file1 file2<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"cp_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"cp\"><\/a>cp Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>cp<\/strong> command is used for copying files and directories from one location to another.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ cp \/home\/webhostc\/file1 \/home\/webhostc\/Personal\/<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"date_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"date\"><\/a>date Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>date<\/strong> command displays\/sets the system date and time like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ date\r\n$ date --set=&quot;8 JUN 2017 13:00:00&quot;<\/pre>\n<p class=\"western\">To learn more about how to set date in Linux, read: How to Set System Date in Linux<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"dd_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"dd\"><\/a>dd Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>dd<\/strong> command is used for copying files, converting and formatting according to flags provided on the command line. It can strip headers, extracting parts of binary files and so on.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">The example below shows creating a boot-able USB device:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ dd if=\/home\/unixho\/kali-linux-1.0.4-i386.iso of=\/dev\/sdc1 bs=512M; sync<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"df_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"df\"><\/a>df Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">df command is used to show file system disk space usage as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ df -h<\/pre>\n<p class=\"western\">For more usage on df command, read: 12 Useful \u2018df\u2019 Command Examples to Check Disk Space<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"diff_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"diff\"><\/a>diff Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">diff command is used to compare two files line by line. It can also be used to find the difference between two directories in Linux like this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ diff file1 file2<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"dir_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"dir\"><\/a>dir Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">dir command works like Linux ls command, it lists the contents of a directory.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ dir<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"dmidecode_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"dmidecode\"><\/a>dmidecode Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">dmidecode command is a tool for retrieving hardware information of any Linux system. It dumps a computer\u2019s DMI (a.k.a SMBIOS) table contents in a human-readable format for easy retrieval.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">To view your system hardware info, you can type:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo dmidecode --type system<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"du_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"du\"><\/a>du Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">du command is used to show disk space usage of files present in a directory as well as its sub-directories as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ du \/home\/webhostch<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"echo_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"echo\"><\/a>echo Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">echo command prints a text of line provided to it.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ echo \u201cThis is Best UNIX Hosting - Linux How Tos\u201d<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"eject_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"eject\"><\/a>eject Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>eject command<\/strong> is used to eject removable media such as DVD\/CD ROM or floppy disk from the system.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ eject \/dev\/cdrom\r\n$ eject \/mnt\/cdrom\/\r\n$ eject \/dev\/sda<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"env_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"env\"><\/a>env Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>env command<\/strong> lists all the current environment variables and used to set them as well.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ env<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"exit_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"exit\"><\/a>exit Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>exit command<\/strong> is used to exit a shell like so.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ exit<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"expr_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"expr\"><\/a>expr Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>expr command<\/strong> is used to calculate an expression as shown below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ expr 20 + 30<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"factor_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"factor\"><\/a>factor Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>factor command<\/strong> is used to show the prime factors of a number.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ factor 10<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"find_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"find\"><\/a>find Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">find command lets you search for files in a directory as well as its sub-directories. It searches for files by attributes such as permissions, users, groups, file type, date, size and other possible criteria.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ find \/home\/webhostc\/ -name webhostc.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"free_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"free\"><\/a>free Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">free command shows the system memory usage (free, used, swapped, cached, etc.) in the system including swap space. Use the<code class=\"western\"> -h<\/code> option to display output in human friendly format.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ free -h<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"grep_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"grep\"><\/a>grep Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">grep command searches for a specified pattern in a file (or files) and displays in output lines containing that pattern as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ grep \u2018webhostc\u2019 domain-list.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"groups_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"groups\"><\/a>groups Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>groups command<\/strong> displays all the names of groups a user is a part of like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ groups\r\n$ groups webhostc<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"gzip_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"gzip\"><\/a>gzip Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">Gzip helps to compress a file, replaces it with one having a <code class=\"western\">.gz<\/code> extension as shown below:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ gzip passwds.txt\r\n$ cat file1 file2 | gzip &gt; foo.gz<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"gunzip_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"gunzip\"><\/a>gunzip Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>gunzip<\/strong> expands or restores files compressed with <strong>gzip<\/strong> command like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ gunzip foo.gz<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"head_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"head\"><\/a>head Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">head command is used to show first lines (10 lines by default) of the specified file or stdin to the screen:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\"># ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"history_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"history\"><\/a>history Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">history command is used to show previously used commands or to get info about command executed by a user.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ history<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hostname_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"hostname\"><\/a>hostname Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">hostname command is used to print or set system hostname in Linux.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ hostname\r\n$ hostname NEW_HOSTNAME<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hostnamectl_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"hostnamectl\"><\/a>hostnamectl Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">hostnamectl command controls the system hostname under systemd. It is used to print or modify the system hostname and any related settings:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ hostnamectl\r\n$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname NEW_HOSTNAME<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hwclock\"><\/span><a name=\"hwclock\"><\/a>hwclock<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>hwclock<\/strong> is a tool for managing the system hardware clock; read or set the hardware clock (RTC).<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo hwclock\r\n$ sudo hwclock --set --date 8\/06\/2017<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"hwinfo_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"hwinfo\"><\/a>hwinfo Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">hwinfo is used to probe for the hardware present in a Linux system like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ hwinfo<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"id_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"id\"><\/a>id Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>id command<\/strong> shows user and group information for the current user or specified username as shown below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ id webhostch<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ifconfig_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"ifconfig\"><\/a>ifconfig Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">ifconfig command is used to configure a Linux systems network interfaces. It is used to configure, view and control network interfaces.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ ifconfig\r\n$ sudo ifconfig eth0 up\r\n$ sudo ifconfig eth0 down\r\n$ sudo ifconfig eth0 172.16.25.125<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ionice_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"ionice\"><\/a>ionice Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">ionice command is used to set or view process I\/O scheduling class and priority of the specified process.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">If invoked without any options, it will query the current I\/O scheduling class and priority for that process:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ ionice -c 3 rm \/var\/logs\/syslog<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iostat_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"iostat\"><\/a>iostat Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">iostat is used to show CPU and input\/output statistics for devices and partitions. It produces useful reports for updating system configurations to help balance the input\/output load between physical disks.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ iostat<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ip_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"ip\"><\/a>ip Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">ip command is used to display or manage routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels. It also works as a replacement for well known ifconfig command.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">This command will assign an IP address to a specific interface (eth1 in this case).<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo ip addr add 192.168.56.10 dev eth1<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iptables_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"iptables\"><\/a>iptables Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">iptables is a terminal based firewall for managing incoming and outgoing traffic via a set of configurable table rules.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">The command below is used to check existing rules on a system (using it may require root privileges).<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo iptables -L -n -v<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iw_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"iw\"><\/a>iw Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>iw command<\/strong> is used to manage wireless devices and their configuration.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ iw list<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iwlist_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"iwlist\"><\/a>iwlist Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>iwlist command<\/strong> displays detailed wireless information from a wireless interface. The command below enables you to get detailed information about the <strong>wlp1s0<\/strong> interface.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ iwlist wlp1s0 scanning<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"kill_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"kill\"><\/a>kill Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">kill command is used to kill a process using its PID by sending a signal to it (default signal for kill is TERM).<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ kill -p 2300\r\n$ kill -SIGTERM -p 2300<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"killall_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"killall\"><\/a>killall Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">killall command is used to kill a process by its name.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ killall firefox<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"kmod_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"kmod\"><\/a>kmod Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>kmod command<\/strong> is used to manage Linux kernel modules. To list all currently loaded modules, type.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ kmod list<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"last_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"last\"><\/a>last Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>last command<\/strong> display a listing of last logged in users.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ last<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ln_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"ln\"><\/a>ln Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>ln command<\/strong> is used to create a soft link between files using the <code class=\"western\">-s<\/code> flag like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ ln -s \/usr\/bin\/lscpu cpuinfo<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"locate_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"locate\"><\/a>locate Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">locate command is used to find a file by name. The locate utility works better and faster than it\u2019s <strong>find<\/strong> counterpart.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">The command below will search for a file by its exact name (not *name*):<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ locate -b &#039;\\domain-list.txt&#039;<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"login_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"login\"><\/a>login Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>login command<\/strong> is used to create a new session with the system. You\u2019ll be asked to provide a username and a password to login as below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo login<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ls_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"ls\"><\/a>ls Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">ls command is used to list contents of a directory. It works more or less like dir command.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">The <code class=\"western\">-l<\/code> option enables long listing format like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ ls -l file1<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lshw_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"lshw\"><\/a>lshw Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">lshw command is a minimal tool to get detailed information on the hardware configuration of the machine, invoke it with superuser privileges to get a comprehensive information.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo lshw<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lscpu_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"lscpu\"><\/a>lscpu Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">lscpu command displays system\u2019s CPU architecture information (such as number of CPUs, threads, cores, sockets, and more).<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ lscpu<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lsof_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"lsof\"><\/a>lsof Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">lsof command displays information related to files opened by processes. Files can be of any type, including regular files, directories, block special files, character special files, executing text reference, libraries, and stream\/network files.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">To view files opened by a specific user\u2019s processes, type the command below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ lsof -u webhostc<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"lsusb_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"lsusb\"><\/a>lsusb Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">lsusb command shows information about USB buses in the system and the devices connected to them like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ lsusb<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"man_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"man\"><\/a>man Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>man command<\/strong> is used to view the on-line reference manual pages for commands\/programs like so.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ man du\r\n$ man df<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"md5sum_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"md5sum\"><\/a>md5sum Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">md5sum command is used to compute and print the MD5 message digest of a file. If run without arguments, debsums checks every file on your system against the stock md5sum files:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo debsums<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mkdir_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"mkdir\"><\/a>mkdir Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">mkdir command is used to create single or more directories, if they do not already exist (this can be overridden with the <code class=\"western\">-p<\/code> option).<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ mkdir webhostc-files\r\nOR \r\n$ mkdir -p webhostc-files<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"more_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"more\"><\/a>more Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">more command enables you to view through relatively lengthy text files one screenful at a time.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ more file.txt<\/pre>\n<p class=\"western\">Check difference between <strong>more<\/strong> and <strong>less<\/strong> command and Learn Why \u2018less\u2019 is Faster Than \u2018more\u2019 Command<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mv_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"mv\"><\/a>mv Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>mv command<\/strong> is used to rename files or directories. It also moves a file or directory to another location in the directory structure.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ mv test.sh sysinfo.sh<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nano_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"nano\"><\/a>nano Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>nano<\/strong> is a popular small, free and friendly text editor for Linux; a clone of <strong>Pico<\/strong>, the default editor included in the non-free Pine package.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">To open a file using nano, type:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ nano file.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ncnetcat_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"nc\/netcat\"><\/a>nc\/netcat Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>nc (or netcat)<\/strong> is used for performing any operation relating to TCP, UDP, or UNIX-domain sockets. It can handle both IPv4 and IPv6 for opening TCP connections, sending UDP packets, listening on arbitrary TCP and UDP ports, performing port scanning.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">The command below will help us see if the port 22 is open on the host 192.168.56.5.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ nc -zv 192.168.1.5 22<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"netstat_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"netstat\"><\/a>netstat Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">netstat command displays useful information concerning the Linux networking subsystem (network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships).<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">This command will display all open ports on the local system:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ netstat -a | more<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nice_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"nice\"><\/a>nice Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>nice command<\/strong> is used to show or change the nice value of a running program. It runs specified command with an adjusted niceness. When run without any command specified, it prints the current niceness.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">The following command starts the process \u201ctar command\u201d setting the \u201cnice\u201d value to 12.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ nice -12 tar -czf backup.tar.bz2 \/home\/*<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nmap_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"nmap\"><\/a>nmap Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">nmap is a popular and powerful open source tool for network scanning and security auditing. It was intended to quickly scan large networks, but it also works fine against single hosts.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">The command below will probe open ports on all live hosts on the specified network.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ nmap -sV 192.168.56.0\/24<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"nproc_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"nproc\"><\/a>nproc Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>nproc command<\/strong> shows the number of processing units present to the current process. It\u2019s output may be less than the number of online processors on a system.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ nproc<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"openssl_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"openssl\"><\/a>openssl Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">The <strong>openssl<\/strong> is a command line tool for using the different cryptography operations of OpenSSL\u2019s crypto library from the shell. The command below will create an archive of all files in the current directory and encrypt the contents of the archive file:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ tar -czf - * | openssl enc -e -aes256 -out backup.tar.gz<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"passwd_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"passwd\"><\/a>passwd Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>passwd command<\/strong> is used to create\/update passwords for user accounts, it can also change the account or associated password validity period. Note that normal system users may only change the password of their own account, while root may modify the password for any account.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ passwd webhostch<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pidof_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"pidof\"><\/a>pidof Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>pidof<\/strong> displays the process ID of a running program\/command.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ pidof init\r\n$ pidof cinnamon<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ping_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"ping\"><\/a>ping Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>ping command<\/strong> is used to determine connectivity between hosts on a network (or the Internet):<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ ping google.com<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ps_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"ps\"><\/a>ps Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">ps shows useful information about active processes running on a system. The example below shows the top running processes by highest memory and CPU usage.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\"># ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu --sort=-%mem | head<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pstree_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"pstree\"><\/a>pstree Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>pstree<\/strong> displays running processes as a tree which is rooted at either PID or init if PID is omitted.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ pstree<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pwd_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"pwd\"><\/a>pwd Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">pwd command displays the name of current\/working directory as below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ pwd<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rdiff-backup_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"rdiff-backup\"><\/a>rdiff-backup Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">rdiff-backup is a powerful local\/remote incremental backup script written in Python. It works on any POSIX operating system such as Linux, Mac OS X.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">Note that for remote backups, you must install the same version of rdiff-backup on both the local and remote machines. Below is an example of a local backup command:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo rdiff-backup \/etc \/media\/webhostch\/Backup\/server_etc.backup<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"reboot_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"reboot\"><\/a>reboot Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>reboot command<\/strong> may be used to halt, power-off or reboot a system as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ reboot<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rename_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"rename\"><\/a>rename Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">rename command is used to rename many files at once. If you\u2019ve a collection of files with \u201c<strong>.html<\/strong>\u201d extension and you want to rename all of them with \u201c<strong>.php<\/strong>\u201d extension, you can type the command below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ rename &#039;s\/\\.html$\/\\.php\/&#039; *.html<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rm_command\"><\/span><a name=\"rm\"><\/a>rm command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>rm command<\/strong> is used to remove files or directories as shown below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ rm file1\r\n$ rm -rf my-files<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"rmdir_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"rmdir\"><\/a>rmdir Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>rmdir command<\/strong> helps to delete\/remove empty directories as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ rmdir \/backup\/all<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"scp_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"scp\"><\/a>scp Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">scp command enables you to securely copy files between hosts on a network, for example.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ scp ~\/names.txt root@192.168.56.10:\/root\/names.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"shutdown_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"shutdown\"><\/a>shutdown Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">shutdown command schedules a time for the system to be powered down. It may be used to halt, power-off or reboot the machine like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ shutdown --poweroff<\/pre>\n<p class=\"western\">Learn how to show a Custom Message to Users Before Linux Server Shutdown.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sleep_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"sleep\"><\/a>sleep Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>sleep command<\/strong> is used to delay or pause (specifically execution of a command) for a specified amount of time.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ check.sh; sleep 5; sudo apt update<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sort_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"sort\"><\/a>sort Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">sort command is used to sort lines of text in the specified file(s) or from stdin as shown below<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ cat words.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"split_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"split\"><\/a>split Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">split as the name suggests, is used to split a large file into small parts.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ tar -cvjf backup.tar.bz2 \/home\/webhostc\/Documents\/*<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ssh_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"ssh\"><\/a>ssh Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">ssh (SSH client) is an application for remotely accessing and running commands on a remote machine. It is designed to offer a secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network such as the Internet.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ ssh webhostc@192.168.56.10<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"stat_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"stat\"><\/a>stat Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">stat is used to show a file or file system status like this (<code class=\"western\">-f<\/code> is used to specify a filesystem).<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ stat file1<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"su_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"su\"><\/a>su Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>su command<\/strong> is used to switch to another user ID or become root during a login session. Note that when <strong>su<\/strong> is invoked without a username, it defaults to becoming root.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ su \r\n$ su webhostc<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sudo_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"sudo\"><\/a>sudo Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">sudo command allows a permitted system user to run a command as root or another user, as defined by the security policy such as sudoers.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">In this case, the real (not effective) user ID of the user running <strong>sudo<\/strong> is used to determine the user name with which to query the security policy.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sudo apt update\r\n$ sudo useradd webhostc\r\n$ sudo passwd webhostc<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sum_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"sum\"><\/a>sum Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>sum command<\/strong> is used to show the checksum and block counts for each each specified file on the command line.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ sum output file.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tac_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"tac\"><\/a>tac Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">tac command concatenates and displays files in reverse. It simply prints each file to standard output, showing last line first.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$tac file.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tail_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"tail\"><\/a>tail Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">tail command is used to display the last lines (10 lines by default) of each file to standard output.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">If there more than one file, precede each with a header giving the file name. Use it as follow (specify more lines to display using <code class=\"western\">-n<\/code> option).<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ tail long-file\r\nOR\r\n$ tail -n 15 long-file<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"talk_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"talk\"><\/a>talk Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>talk command<\/strong> is used to talk to another system\/network user. To talk to a user on the same machine, use their login name, however, to talk to a user on another machine use \u2018user@host\u2019.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ talk person [ttyname]\r\nOR\r\n$ talk\u2018user@host\u2019 [ttyname]<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tar_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"tar\"><\/a>tar Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">tar command is a most powerful utility for archiving files in Linux.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ tar -czf home.tar.gz .<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tee_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"tee\"><\/a>tee Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>tee command<\/strong> is used to read from standard input and prints to standard output and files as shown below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ echo &quot;Testing how tee command works&quot; | tee file1<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tree_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"tree\"><\/a>tree Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">The tree command is a tiny, cross-platform command-line program used to recursively list or display the content of a directory in a tree-like format.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ tree<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"time_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"time\"><\/a>time Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>time command<\/strong> runs programs and summarizes system resource usage.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ time wc \/etc\/hosts<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"top_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"top\"><\/a>top Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">top program displays all processes on a Linux system in regards to memory and CPU usage and provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ top<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"touch_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"touch\"><\/a>touch Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">touch command changes file timestamps, it can also be used to create a file as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ touch file.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"tr_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"tr\"><\/a>tr Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>tr command<\/strong> is a useful utility used to translate (change) or delete characters from stdin, and write the result to stdout or send to a file as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ cat domain-list.txt | tr [:lower:] [:upper:]<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uname_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"uname\"><\/a>uname Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">uname command displays system information such as operating system, network node hostname kernel name, version and release etc.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">Use the <code class=\"western\">-a<\/code> option to show all the system information:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ uname<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uniq_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"uniq\"><\/a>uniq Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>uniq command<\/strong> displays or omits repeated lines from input (or standard input). To indicate the number of occurrences of a line, use the <code class=\"western\">-c<\/code> option.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ cat domain-list.txt<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"uptime_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"uptime\"><\/a>uptime Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">uptime command shows how long the system has been running, number of logged on users and the system load averages as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ uptime<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"users_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"users\"><\/a>users Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>users command<\/strong> shows the user names of users currently logged in to the current host like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ users<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vimvi_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"vim\/vi\"><\/a>vim\/vi Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">vim (Vi Improved) popular text editor on Unix-like operating systems. It can be used to edit all kinds of plain text and program files.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ vim file<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"w_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"w\"><\/a>w Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>w command<\/strong> displays system uptime, load averages and information about the users currently on the machine, and what they are doing (their processes) like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ w<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"wall_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"wall\"><\/a>wall Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>wall command<\/strong> is used to send\/display a message to all users on the system as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ wall \u201cBest unix hosting\u201d<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"watch_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"watch\"><\/a>watch Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">watch command runs a program repeatedly while displaying its output on fullscreen. It can also be used to watch changes to a file\/directory. The example below shows how to watch the contents of a directory change.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ watch -d ls -l<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"wc_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"wc\"><\/a>wc Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">wc command is used to display newline, word, and byte counts for each file specified, and a total for many files.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ wc filename<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"wget_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"wget\"><\/a>wget Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">wget command is a simple utility used to download files from the Web in a non-interactive (can work in the background) way.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ wget -c http:\/\/ftp.gnu.org\/gnu\/wget\/wget-1.5.3.tar.gz<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"whatis_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"whatis\"><\/a>whatis Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">whatis command searches and shows a short or one-line manual page descriptions of the provided command name(s) as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ whatis wget<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"which_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"which\"><\/a>which Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>which command<\/strong> displays the absolute path (pathnames) of the files (or possibly links) which would be executed in the current environment.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ which who<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"who_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"who\"><\/a>who Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>who command<\/strong> shows information about users who are currently logged in like this.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ who<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"whereis_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"whereis\"><\/a>whereis Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">whereis command helps us locate the binary, source and manual files for commands.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ whereis cat<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"xargs_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"xargs\"><\/a>xargs Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>xargs command<\/strong> is a useful utility for reading items from the standard input, delimited by blanks (protected with double or single quotes or a backslash) or newlines, and executes the entered command.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">The example below show xargs being used to copy a file to multiple directories in Linux.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ echo \/home\/webhostch\/test\/ \/home\/webhostch\/tmp | xargs -n 1 cp -v \/home\/webhostch\/bin\/sys_info.sh<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"yes_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"yes\"><\/a>yes Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>yes command<\/strong> is used to display a string repeatedly until when terminated or killed using [<code class=\"western\">Ctrl<br \/>\n+ C<\/code>] as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ yes &quot;This is Best Unix Host\u2019s - Linux HowTos&quot;<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"youtube-dl_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"youtube-dl\"><\/a>youtube-dl Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\">youtube-dl is a lightweight command-line program to download videos and also extract MP3 tracks from YouTube.com and a few more sites.<\/p>\n<p class=\"western\">The command below will list available formats for the video in the provided link.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ youtube-dl --list-formats https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iR<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zcmpzdiff_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"zcmp\/zdiff\"><\/a>zcmp\/zdiff Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>zcmp<\/strong> and <strong>zdiff<\/strong> minimal utilities used to compare compressed files as shown in the examples below.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ zcmp domain-list.txt.zip basic_passwords.txt.zip\r\n$ zdiff domain-list.txt.zip basic_passwords.txt.zip<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zip_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"zip\"><\/a>zip Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>zip<\/strong> is a simple and easy-to-use utility used to package and compress (archive) files.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ tar cf - . | zip | dd of=\/dev\/nrst0 obs=16k\r\n$ zip inarchive.zip foo.c bar.c --out outarchive.zip\r\n$ tar cf - .| zip backup -<\/pre>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"zz_Command\"><\/span><a name=\"zz\"><\/a>zz Command<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"western\"><strong>zz command<\/strong> is an alias of the fast command line tool that offers quick access to files and directories in Linux. It is used to quickly and interactively cd into a previously accessed directory by selecting the directory number from the first field as follows.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"western\">$ zz<\/pre>\n<p class=\"western\">That\u2019s it for now! As we mentioned before, there are a countless number of commands in Linux. The list is possibly longer than we can offer. Use the feedback form below to share any useful and frequently used commands missing in this list.<\/p>\n<p>To know How to check memory usage on CentOS Server , <a href=\"https:\/\/www.webhostingchennai.co.in\/blog\/useful-csf-commands-in-linux\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Important Linux Commands with Examples In this post, Let us see the some important linux commands with examples in alphabetical order. agetty adduser\/addgroup alias anacron apropos apt apt-get aptitude arch arp at atq atrm awk batch basename bc bg bzip cal cat chgrp chmod chown cksum clear cmp chown cp date dd df diff dir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[57,14,13,11],"tags":[106,107],"class_list":["post-1600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-centos-redhat","category-centos-6-rhel-6","category-centos-7-rhel-7","category-linux","tag-important-linux-commands","tag-top-linux-commands"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1600"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1668,"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/revisions\/1668"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/chennaiwebhosting.in\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}